15,704 research outputs found
Explicit Zeta Functions for Bosonic and Fermionic Fields on a Noncommutative Toroidal Spacetime
Explicit formulas for the zeta functions corresponding to
bosonic () and to fermionic () quantum fields living on a
noncommutative, partially toroidal spacetime are derived. Formulas for the most
general case of the zeta function associated to a quadratic+linear+constant
form (in {\bf Z}) are obtained. They provide the analytical continuation of the
zeta functions in question to the whole complex plane, in terms of series
of Bessel functions (of fast, exponential convergence), thus being extended
Chowla-Selberg formulas. As well known, this is the most convenient expression
that can be found for the analytical continuation of a zeta function, in
particular, the residua of the poles and their finite parts are explicitly
given there. An important novelty is the fact that simple poles show up at
, as well as in other places (simple or double, depending on the number of
compactified, noncompactified, and noncommutative dimensions of the spacetime),
where they had never appeared before. This poses a challenge to the
zeta-function regularization procedure.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, LaTeX fil
A Crucial Test for Color-Octet Production Mechanism in Z^0 Decays
The direct production rates of -wave charmonia in the decays of is
evaluated. The color-octet production processes are shown to have distinctively large branching ratios, the same order
of magnitude as that of prodution, as compared with other -wave
charmonium production mechanisms. This may suggest a crucial channel to test
the color-octet mechanism as well as to observe the -wave charmonium states
in decays. In addition, a signal for the charmonium as strong as
or with large transverse momentum at the Tevatron should
also be observed.Comment: 14 pages in LaTex (3 figures in PS-file
Gluon fragmentation to ^3D_J quarkonia
We present a calculation of the leading order QCD fragmentation functions for
gluons to split into spin-triplet D-wave quarkonia. We apply them to evaluate
the gluon fragmentation contributions to inclusive ^3D_J quarkonium production
at large transverse momentum processes like the Tevatron and find that the
D-wave quarkonia, especially the charmonium 2^{--} state, could be observed
through color-octet mechanism with present luminosity. Since there are
distinctively large gaps between the contributions of two different (i.e,
color-singlet and color-octet) quarkonium production mechanisms, our results
may stand as a unique test to NRQCD color-octet quarkonium production
mechanism.Comment: 15 pages in LaTex (2 figures in PS-file
Boundary states in the Nappi-Witten model
We investigate D-branes in the Nappi-Witten model. Classically symmetric
D-branes are classified by the (twisted) conjugacy classes of the Nappi-Witten
group, which specify the geometry of the corresponding D-branes. Quantum
description of the D-branes is given by boundary states, and we need one point
functions of closed strings to construct the boundary states. We compute the
one point functions solving conformal bootstrap constraints, and check that the
classical limit of the boundary states reproduces the geometry of D-branes.Comment: 19 pages, no figure; minor changes, references adde
Hadronic Production of S-wave and P-wave Charmed Beauty Mesons via Heavy Quark Fragmentation
At hadron colliders the dominant production mechanism of mesons
with large transverse momentum is due to parton fragmentation. We compute the
rates and transverse momentum spectra for production of S-wave and P-wave
mesons at the Tevatron via the direct fragmentation of the bottom
antiquark as well as the Altarelli-Parisi induced gluon fragmentation. Since
all the radially and orbitally excited mesons below the
flavor threshold will cascade into the pseudoscalar ground state through
electromagnetic and/or hadronic transitions, they all contribute to the
inclusive production of . The contributions of the excited S-wave and
P-wave states to the inclusive production of are 58 and 23\%,
respectively, and hence significant.Comment: Changes are made in the Discussio
Perturbative QCD Fragmentation Functions for Production of P-wave Mesons with Charm and Beauty
We calculate the leading order QCD fragmentation functions for the production
of -wave charmed beauty mesons. Long-distance effects are factored into two
nonperturbative parameters: the derivative of the radial wavefunction at the
origin and a second parameter related to the probability for a
heavy quark pair that is produced in a color-octet -wave state to form a
color-singlet -wave bound state. The four states and those states
which lie below the flavor threshold eventually all decay into the
ground state through hadronic cascades or by emitting photons. The total
fragmentation probabilities for production of the ground state from
the cascades of the and states are about and
respectively. Thus the direct production of the -wave
states via fragmentation may account for a significant fraction of the
inclusive production rate of the at large transverse momentum in high
energy colliders. Our analytic results for the -wave fragmentation functions
disagree with those obtained earlier in the literature.Comment: 31 pages, Latex file, 1 figure (postscript file appended at the end
Systems-Level Comparison of Host-Responses Elicited by Avian H5N1 and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Viruses in Primary Human Macrophages
Human disease caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 can lead to a rapidly progressive viral pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. There is increasing evidence from clinical, animal models and in vitro data, which suggests a role for virus-induced cytokine dysregulation in contributing to the pathogenesis of human H5N1 disease. The key target cells for the virus in the lung are the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages, and we have shown that, compared to seasonal human influenza viruses, equivalent infecting doses of H5N1 viruses markedly up-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines in both primary cell types in vitro. Whether this H5N1-induced dysregulation of host responses is driven by qualitative (i.e activation of unique host pathways in response to H5N1) or quantitative differences between seasonal influenza viruses is unclear. Here we used microarrays to analyze and compare the gene expression profiles in primary human macrophages at 1, 3, and 6 h after infection with H5N1 virus or low-pathogenic seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus. We found that host responses to both viruses are qualitatively similar with the activation of nearly identical biological processes and pathways. However, in comparison to seasonal H1N1 virus, H5N1 infection elicits a quantitatively stronger host inflammatory response including type I interferon (IFN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α genes. A network-based analysis suggests that the synergy between IFN-β and TNF-α results in an enhanced and sustained IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokine response at the early stage of viral infection that may contribute to the viral pathogenesis and this is of relevance to the design of novel therapeutic strategies for H5N1 induced respiratory disease
Improved algorithm for quantum separability and entanglement detection
Determining whether a quantum state is separable or entangled is a problem of
fundamental importance in quantum information science. It has recently been
shown that this problem is NP-hard. There is a highly inefficient `basic
algorithm' for solving the quantum separability problem which follows from the
definition of a separable state. By exploiting specific properties of the set
of separable states, we introduce a new classical algorithm that solves the
problem significantly faster than the `basic algorithm', allowing a feasible
separability test where none previously existed e.g. in 3-by-3-dimensional
systems. Our algorithm also provides a novel tool in the experimental detection
of entanglement.Comment: 4 pages, revtex4, no figure
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